| String Quartet in F major Op. 18, No. 1 |
Five
Components
of Instruments
| 1. Energy source | |
| 2. Energy connector from | |
| the source to the | |
| instrument itself |
| 3. Primary oscillator | |
| 4. Resonant oscillator | |
| 5. Sound emitter |
| Muscle Power | ||
| Arm Motion | ||
| Finger Motion | ||
| Lung Motion | ||
| Foot Motion | ||
| Electrical Power | ||
| Typical Instrument = 50W | |
| ~ 1% is converted to sound | |
| Total Orchestra ~ 60W | |
| For 90 dB = 10-3 W/m2 at an ear of 1 cm2 P=10-7 W!! |
| Transmits from Source to the instrument itself | ||
| Examples: | ||
| Violin family | ||
| Piano | ||
| Wind Instruments | ||
| Organ | ||
| The part of the instrument that vibrates and is directly responsible for the sound. | ||
| Examples: | ||
| Strings, reeds, lips, surfaces, air. | ||
| Amplifies certain frequencies to produce a harmonic series. | ||
| Examples: | ||
| Violin family | ||
| Piano | ||
| Winds | ||
| Drums | ||
| Gets the sound out. Usually via a hole or opening | ||
| Examples: | ||
| Violin family | ||
| Piano | ||
| Winds | ||
| Drums | ||
| 1. Energy Source | ||
| Arm motion for bowing | ||
| Finger motion for plucking (violin or guitar) or moving keys (piano) | ||
| 2. Energy Connector | ||
| Bows | ||
| Hammers | ||
| Picks or Quills | ||
| Fingers | ||
| 3. Primary Oscillator Strings | ||
| String Variables related to frequency | ||
| Length | ||
| Tension | ||
| Density | ||
| Frequency Variation | ||
| Many Strings of Different Length, Tension, Density | ||
| Change Effective Length of String | ||
| Activation Location | ||
| Changes timbre by reducing some harmonics | ||
| No nodes at activation points | ||
| 4. Resonant Oscillator | ||
| Wooden Box or Sheet of Irregular Shape | ||
| Example: Violin (MI CD) | ||
| 5. Sound Emitter | ||
| Opening in the Body of the Instrument | ||
| Examples: Violin and Guitar, etc. | ||
| Energy Connector | ||
| Air From Player’s Lungs or From a Compressor | ||
| Primary Oscillator | ||
| Reed(s) | ||
| Player’s Lips | ||
| Air Near Opening Into Which Player Blows | ||
| Resonant Oscillator | ||
| Air Column Within the Tube that Constitutes the Body of the Instrument | ||
| Frequency Variation | ||
| Tubes of Different Length | ||
| Interlocking Pipes | ||
| System of Valves | ||
| Series of Holes | ||
| Sound Emitter | ||
| Hole in the Opposite End | ||
| Energy Connector | ||
| Sticks | ||
| Mallets | ||
| Hands | ||
| Fingers | ||
| Primary Oscillator | ||
| Two-Dimensional Surface | ||
| Three-Dimensional Surface | ||
| Resonant Oscillator | ||
| Wide Variation - Depends on the Specific Instrument | ||