| The Firebird |
| High or Low? | |
| Long or Short? | |
| Loud or Soft? | |
| Fast or Slow? | |
| Accented Notes? |
| Staff |
| Clef | ||
| Treble: Bass: | ||
| Notes | ||
| p (piano) = soft | |
| f (forte) = loud | |
| m (mezzo) = half, medium |
| ff fortissimo very loud | |
| f forte loud | |
| mf mezzo forte medium loud | |
| mp mezzo piano medium soft | |
| p piano soft | |
| pp pianissimo very soft |
| crescendo = gradually louder | |
| decrescendo or diminuendo = gradually softer |
| Varies from approximately 30 - 240 beats per minute |
| Largo broad 43-47 | |
| Adagio slow 52-58 | |
| Andante medium slow 59-66 | |
| Moderato moderate 77-89 | |
| Allegro fast 106-119 | |
| Vivace lively 120-138 |
| Selections from | |
| Nutcracker Ballet |
| ritardando = rit. = gradually slower |
|
| accelerando = accel. = gradually faster |
| Noteheads - Whole Notes | |
| Stems | |
| Flags | |
| Beams | |
| Dotted Notes |
| Involves pulse, meter, tempo, and note values |
| The combination of strong and weak pulses form a recurring pattern known as meter. |
| Duple: ONE - two, etc. | |
| Triple: ONE - two -three, etc. | |
| Quadruple: ONE -two-three-four, etc. | |
| Music is divided into bars or measures by means of vertical lines called barlines. | |
| A notation placed at the beginning of a composition | |
| Indicates the number of beats per measure and the type of note receiving the beat. | |
| Usually the first beat of each measure is the strongest. | |
| Hemiola – Shifting of the accent pattern from what is expected. | |
| Syncopation – Emphasis on the normally weak beats. |
| Various time signatures and meters. |
| A group of tones sounded in sequence that together make a meaningful whole |
| Melody is the horizontal component of music |
| Jingle Bells | |
| Results from the simultaneous occurrence of musical tones |
| Harmony is the vertical component of music |
| Three or more notes sounded simultaneously |
| Consonance | ||
| “Pleasing” Harmony | ||
| Dissonance | ||
| “Harsh” Harmony | ||
| One part (usually the highest) predominates | |
| The purpose of the remaining parts is to provide the harmony |
| Characterized by the interweaving of two or more melodically and rhythmically indepen-dent parts |
| A series of tones within an octave arranged in either ascending or descending order |
| How many tones? | |
| Chinese = 5 | |
| Arabs = 17 | |
| Indians = 22 | |
| Western music = 12 |
| Consists of all the notes on a piano (black and white) within an octave |
| The pitch difference or interval between any two adjacent notes on a piano. |
| The pitch difference or interval between any two adjacent white notes separated by a black note on the piano, or two semitones. |
| Used to identify the black notes on the piano |
| Function - Raises desig-nated note by a semitone | |
| Symbol - # | |
| Direction - “Play the black note to the right” |
| Function - Lowers desig-nated note by a semitone | |
| Symbol - | |
| Direction - “Play the black note to the left” |
| Used when one or more notes are always either sharp or flat throughout a composition | |
| Placed on the staff at the beginning |
| Function - Cancels a flat or sharp sign | |
| Symbol - | |
| Direction - “Play the white note instead of the black” |
| The factor for octaves is 2 | |
| Hear pitch in ratios |
| The factor for semitones is Ö2 » 1.059463... |
| Unison | |
| Octave | |
| 11 intervals in between | |
| Table 10.3 in text |